Amashubhu e-boiler e-ASME SA 179, aziwa kabanzi ngezinga le-ASTM A179, amelela ukucaciswa kwamashubhu ensimbi ephansi nge-carbon adonswa ngendlela ebandayo, asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-heat exchangers, ama-condenser, kanye nemishini efanayo yokudlulisa ukushisa. Lawa mashubhu akhelwe ngokukhethekile ukunikeza ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa nokuqina kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima, okwenza abe ukukhethwa okuthandwayo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nezimboni ze-HVAC. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokudonsa okubandayo iqinisekisa ukunemba okunembile kobukhulu kanye nokuphelela okubushelelezi kwangaphakathi, okunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa phakathi nempilo yokusebenza yeshubhu. Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela eziwelwe, amashubhu e-SA 179 angenamthungo anikeza ubukhulu bodonga obufanayo nokumelana okuphezulu nengcindezi, okubalulekile ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu nengcindezi ephezulu ezinhlelweni zama-boiler. Ngenxa yalokho, onjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga bahlala becacisa amashubhu e-boiler e-ASME SA 179 lapho ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside kuyizidingo ezingenakuphikiswa ezinhlelweni zazo zokushintshana ukushisa.

Izinga le-ASME SA 179 lingaphansi kwegunya le-American Society of Mechanical Engineers futhi liyafana ngokwezidingo zamakhemikhali nezomshini ne-ASTM A179, liqinisekisa ukwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke nokushintshana. Lawa mashubhu e-boiler angenamthungo akhiqizwa ngensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi enomthamo olawulwayo we-manganese, enikeza ukunwebeka okuhle kanye nokushisela okuhle kuyilapho igcina amandla anele ama-shell-and-tube heat exchangers nama-surface condensers. Amashubhu ngokuvamile ahlinzekwa esesimweni se-as-annealed noma se-normalized ukuze kuzuzwe ukwakheka kwe-grain okuyifisayo nezimfanelo zemishini. Ngenxa yokuthi awanawo wonke umthungo, amashubhu e-SA 179 asusa ubungozi bokwehluleka kwemithungo yokushisela okungenzeka kumashubhu a-shiselwe, enikeza umkhawulo wokuphepha obalulekile ezinhlelweni lapho ukwehluleka kweshubhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwempahla okuyinhlekelele noma ekumisweni kokusebenza. Abahlinzeki abahamba phambili abanjengoI-Wuxi Hengzhihui Metal Materials Co., Ltd inikeza uhlu oluphelele lalamashubhu angenamthungo ukuze kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zomkhakha wamandla nezimboni emhlabeni wonke.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wamashubhu okubilisa e-ASME SA 179 ulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kulinganiswe amandla, ukwakheka, nokumelana nokugqwala emsebenzini wokushintshana ukushisa. Ngokwezinga, izinga lekhabhoni akumele lidlule ku-0.18%, kuyilapho i-manganese icaciswa phakathi kuka-0.27% kuya ku-0.63%, okusebenza njengokuqinisa isisombululo esiqinile futhi kuthuthukise izici zokusebenza zensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu. I-Phosphorus nesulfure ngayinye ilinganiselwe ku-0.035% ubuningi, okugcina ukungahlanzeki kwe-non-metallic kuphansi ukuze kugcinwe ukunwebeka koshubhu nokumelana nokuqhekeka okubangelwa i-hydrogen ezindaweni ezine-asidi. Lokhu kulinganisela kwamakhemikhali ngokucophelela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ushubhu lwensimbi enekhabhoni ephansi lugcina ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu ekugobeni nasekwandiseni imisebenzi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-heat exchanger, kuyilapho kusalelela amandla emishini adingekayo ukuze kumelane nokucindezela. Ukungabikho kwezinto ezi-alloying ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, noma i-nickel kugcina izindleko zento ziphansi futhi kube lula ukuwashisela kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezijwayelekile, okuyinzuzo enkulu kubakhi abasebenza ngamanani amakhulu amashubhu e-condenser nama-heat exchanger bundles.

Ngakoluhlangothi lwemishini, amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 angenamthungo kumele ahlangabezane namandla okudonsa aphansi angu-325 MPa kanye namandla okukhiqiza aphansi angu-180 MPa, kanye nemfuneko yokwelula okungenani angu-35% kubude obungu-50 mm. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamandla nokuvumelana kuqinisekisa ukuthi ishubhu lensimbi elidonswe ngokubandayo lingakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi zokunwebeka ngenxa yokushisa, imithwalo yokudlidliza, kanye nemijikelezo yengcindezi evamile ekusebenzeni kwe-heat exchanger ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuguquka unomphela. Ubulukhuni buningcelwa phezulu ku-72 HRB, okubalulekile ngoba ubulukhuni obukhulu kakhulu bunganciphisa ikhono lokubunjwa futhi kukhulise ubungozi bokuqhekeka ngenxa yokugqwala okucindezelayo ezindaweni ezithile. Lezi zakhiwo zemishini ziqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuwo wonke umkhiqizo, futhi imiphumela ibhalwa phansi esitifiketini sokuhlola (MTC) esihambisana nayo yonke imithwalo. Kubathengi abaqhathanisa izinketho ze-ASTM A179 vs SA 179, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zindinganiso ezimbili ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo, kanti i-ASME SA 179 iyinguqulo eyamukelwe yikhodi yokusetshenziswa kwe-ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

Amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 boiler atholakala ngosayizi abaningi ukuze ahambisane nemiklamo ehlukene yokushintshana ukushisa kanye nezidingo zomsebenzi wokushisa. Ububanzi obungaphandle ngokuvamile busuka ku-1/8 intshi (3.2 mm) kuya ku-3 amaintshi (76.2 mm), kanti ubukhulu bodonga bukhona kusuka ku-0.5 mm kuya ku-6.35 mm, futhi ubude obukodwa obungahleliwe bungafinyelela ku-30 amamitha kuye ngekhono lomkhiqizi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kobukhulu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bathuthukise indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa kanye nezici zokwehla komfutho wemishini yabo ngokukhetha ububanzi boshubhu obufanele kanye nosayizi wodonga kusetshenziswa ngakunye. Inqubo yokudonsa ebandayo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amashubhu e-SA 179 seamless iholela ekubekezeleleni ubukhulu okuqinile uma kuqhathaniswa namashubhu aqedwa ngokushisa, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho amashubhu kufanele afakwe emigodini emincane yamashidi amashubhu ngezikhala ezilinganiswa ngezinkulungwane zentishi. Iziphetho zamashubhu ezijwayelekile zihlinzekwa ziphelele, kodwa amakhasimende angacela ngeziphetho ezitshekile zokushisela noma ukulungiswa okukhethekile kweziphetho ngezindlela ezithile zokufaka.

Ukubekezeleka kobukhulu bodonga lwamashubhu e-SA 179 kulandela izidingo ezengeziwe ze-ASTM A450, ngokuvamile kuvumela +20% / -0% kubukhulu bodonga obucacisiwe, okusho ukuthi udonga lweshubhu alukwazi ukuba mncane kunosayizi o-odiwe kodwa lungaba mkhudlwana kancane. Ukubekezeleka kobubanzi bangaphandle nakho kuhambisana ne-ASTM A450 futhi kuyahluka ngosayizi weshubhu, kusetshenziswa ukulawula okuqinile emashubhini amancane. Lezi zidingo eziqinile zokubekezeleka ziqinisekisa ukuhlangana okufanelekile ngesikhathi kuhlanganiswa ama-heat exchanger kanye nokugeleza okubikezelwayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Abathengi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi bacacise izidingo zabo eziqondile zosayizi lapho befaka ama-oda, kuhlanganise nokuthi ubukhulu beshubhu bungobungqondongqondo noma ubuncane bodonga, ngoba lokhu kuthinta kokubili isisindo ngohlanga ngalunye kanye nekhono lokubamba umfutho weqoqo lamashubhu eliqediwe. Umhlinzeki onokwethenjelwa onjengoUhla lwemikhiqizo ye-Wuxi Hengzhihui inganikezela amashadi anemininingwane yobukhulu kanye nedatha yokuhluka ukuze kusizwe amakhasimende ekukhetheni ubukhulu obufanele kakhulu bamashubhu e-ASME SA 179 boiler.

Iwo wonke amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 boiler kumele adlule ochungechungeni lwezivivinyo eziqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwawo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-heat exchanger ne-condenser, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kuphela izinto ezihlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko zezinga elifanele ezifinyelela kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Ukuhlolwa kokucibilika kuhilela ukucindezela ingxenye eyindandatho yeshubhu phakathi kwamapuleti ahambisanayo ibanga elishiwo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuhlukana, okufakazela ukuthi ishubhu liyakwazi ukunwebeka futhi alinazo izinkinga ezingaphezulu. Ukuhlolwa kokunweba kukhulisa umkhawulo owodwa weshubhu kusetshenziswa i-conical mandrel ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina kanye nekhono lokumelana nemisebenzi yokunweba evame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ishubhu ne-tube-sheet ekukhiqizweni kwe-heat exchanger. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ishubhu ngalinye kumele lihlolwe ngokucindezela kwamanzi noma ngokuhlolwa okungonakalisi kwe-eddy current ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi udonga lweshubhu alunazinkinga zokuvuza, izimbobo ezincane, noma okunye ukuphazamiseka okudabula odongeni okungabangela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekusetshenzisweni.

Imbhalo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthunyelwa ngakunye kweshubhu elingena-mthungo le-SA 179, lapho izitifiketi zokuhlola ze-mill (MTC) zikhishwa ngokuya nge-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 noma 3.2 kuye ngezidingo zomthengi kanye nohlaka olusebenzayo lwezimithetho. Isitifiketi sohlobo 3.1 sifaka isimemezelo somkhiqizi sokuthi impahla ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezishiwo, sisekelwe yimiphumela yangempela yokuhlola, kuyilapho isitifiketi sohlobo 3.2 sibandakanya ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nokuqinisekiswa yi-ejensi egunyaziwe yokuhlola. Lezi zitifiketi zinikeza ukulandeleka okuphelele kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwensimbi yokuqala kuze kufike ekuhlolweni kokugcina kwemishini, okunikeza abasebenzisi bokugcina ukuzethemba emlandweni wento nokuvumelana kwayo. Abakhi abaningi kanye nosonkontileka bezobunjiniyela ngeke bamukele amashubhu amabhoyela angena-mthungo ngaphandle kwemibhalo efanele ye-MTC, ikakhulukazi uma ishubhu lihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibucayi ezindaweni zokuhluza, ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, noma eziteshini zamandla. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eminingi ngezitifiketi zekhwalithi ezigcinwa ngabahlinzeki abathembekile, vakashela i-Ikhasi lesitifiketi le-Wuxi Hengzhihui, elibonisa ukugunyazwa kwe-ISO 9001, API, ne-PED okugcizelela ukuzibophezela kwabo kwekhwalithi engaguquki.

Lapho i-oda amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 boiler, abathengi kufanele banikeze imininingwane ephelele yokucaciswa okuhlanganisa inani ngamamitha noma ngamafidi, igredi (SA 179), ububanzi bangaphandle kanye nobukhulu bodonga (ukucacisa ubukhulu obujwayelekile noma obuncane bodonga), ubude obubodwa noma obungahleliwe be-mill obudingekayo, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungeziwe okukhethwayo okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic noma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic ngomfutho ophezulu. Kuyeluleka futhi ukucacisa izinga lesitifiketi elidingekayo (EN 10204 3.1 noma 3.2), izimfuneko zokupakisha nokumaka, kanye nesikhathi sokulethwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana phakathi kwesheduli yokukhiqiza yomhlinzeki nezikhathi zokufakwa zephrojekthi. Izimfuneko ezengeziwe ezifana nesimo sokwelashwa ngokushisa, ukuvikelwa kokuphela, kanye nokucaciswa kokubopha nakho kufanele kudluliselwe ngokucacile ngesikhathi sokubuza ukuze kugwenywe ukungaqondani nokubambezeleka okubizayo. Abahlinzeki abangochwepheshe bazonikeza isilinganiso esibhaliwe esiqinisekisa wonke amapharamitha ezobuchwepheshe, imigomo yezohwebo okuhlanganisa ama-Incoterms, kanye nesikhathi sokulethwa esilindelekile ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokukhiqiza.

I-Wuxi Hengzhihui Metal Materials Co., Ltdisungule ukuthi ungumlingani onokwethenjelwa kubathengi bomhlaba wonke bamashubhu e-ASME SA 179 kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamashubhu ensimbi engenamthungo. Inkampani inesitifiketi se-ISO 9001 futhi igcina ubudlelwano nezimboni eziqinisekisiwe ukuze iqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki kanye nokulandeleka kuyo yonke imithwalo. Amanani ancintisanayo atholakala ngobudlelwano obuqondile nezimboni kanye nokuphathwa okusebenzayo kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, kuyilapho izikhathi zokulethwa ezisheshayo zenzeka ngokugcina isitoko esikhulu kosayizi abadumile kanye nokuhlela ukukhiqiza okusheshayo kosayizi abangokwezifiso. Wonke amashubhu apakishwa ngokucophelela ukuze athunyelwe phesheya ngokuvikelwa kukagqinsi, amakhreyithi okhuni noma ukubopha ngensimbi njengoba kudingeka, kanye nezinketho zokuthutha eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle, izindiza, kanye nokuthutha ngesitimela ezindaweni ezihlanganisa umhlaba wonke. Ithimba lokuthengisa elinamava e-Wuxi Hengzhihui liyaziqonda izinkinga zobuchwepheshe zezimfuneko ze-SA 179 futhi linganikeza isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa, ukwesekwa kwemibhalo, kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwekhasimende. Ngemibuzo, bathintane nabo ku-+86-xxx noma bathumele i-imeyili ku-info@example.com, futhi bavakashele i-Ikhasi lezindaba ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zakamuva zomkhakha nezimemezelo zemikhiqizo.

I-ASME SA 179 ne-ASTM A179 ziyafana ngokwezobuchwepheshe ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali, izimfanelo zemishini, kanye nezidingo zobukhulu. Umehluko ukuthi i-ASME SA 179 iyigama elamukelwa ngaphansi kwe-ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, okwenza kube yimfuneko yokusetshenziswa okulawulwa yikhodi, kanti i-ASTM A179 iyindinganiso ebanzi yezinto. Zombili lezi zindinganiso zibhekisela kushubhu lensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni edonswa ebandayo engenamthungo yokushintshana kokushisa nama-condenser.

Amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-shell-and-tube heat exchangers, ama-surface condensers, ama-intercoolers, ama-aftercoolers, kanye nemishini efanayo yokudlulisa ukushisa ezikhungweni zamandla, izindawo zokucwenga uphethiloli, izikhungo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, kanye nezinhlelo ze-HVAC. Ukwakheka kwawo okungenamthungo kanye nekhemistri yekhabhoni ephansi kuwenza afanelekele ukusebenza kokushisa okuphezulu nokushisa okuphansi lapho ukudluliswa kokushisa okuthembekile nokuqukethwe kwengcindezi kubalulekile.

Nakuba izinga le-ASME SA 179 lingacacisi ukushisa okuphezulu kokusebenza, la mashubhu ensimbi anekhabhoni ephansi avame ukufaneleka ukusebenza kuze kufike ku-800°F (427°C) ngaphansi kwemvume ye-ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section II. Ezinhlelweni zokushisa okuphezulu, izinhlobo zensimbi ezingama-alloy ezifana ne-SA 213 T11 noma T22 zivame ukunconywa ukuze kugcinwe amandla nokumelana nokugqwala.

Yebo, amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 enziwe ngokukhethekile ukuze abe nokubunjwa okuhle, yingakho izinga lifaka izidingo zokuhlola kokubili ukucindezela (flattening) nokuvula (flaring). Ukuba nekhabhoni ephansi kanye nezinga le-manganese elilawulwayo kunikeza ubumnene obuhle kakhulu, nokunwebeka okuncane okungu-35% kuqinisekisa ukuthi amashubhu angagoba, avuleke, futhi agingqike emashidini amashubhu ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-heat exchanger ngaphandle kokuqhekeka uma kulandelwa izinqubo ezifanele.

Ukuhluka kobukhulu bodonga lwamashubhu e-ASME SA 179 kulawulwa yi-ASTM A450 futhi ngokuvamile kuba +20% / -0% kosayizi abaningi, okusho ukuthi udonga alukwazi ukuba mncane kunobukhulu obucacisiwe kodwa lungaba khudlwana ngafika ku-20%. Abathengi kufanele bacacise ukuthi bafuna udonga olujwayelekile noma udonga oluncane lapho be-oda, ngoba lokhu kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kokuhluka kanye nesisindo ngobude obubodwa boshubhu.

Yebo, abahlinzeki abanomthwalo banikeza isitifiketi sokuhlola imishini (MTC) ngalo lonke ukuthunyelwa kwamashubhu e-ASME SA 179, ngokuvamile ngokwe-EN 10204 Uhlobo 3.1 noma Uhlobo 3.2. Isitifiketi sibhala inombolo yokushisa, imiphumela yokuhlaziya amakhemikhali, idatha yokuhlola imishini, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izivivinyo ezishiwo ziphumelele. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwakha nabahloli bamakhodi bayadinga lolu cwazimagama ngaphambi kokwamukela izinto zokufakwa.

Ukuze uqinisekise ubuqiniso, hlola ukuthi isitifiketi sokuhlola se-mill sifaka igama eliyisiqondiso esifanele (ASME SA 179 noma ASTM A179), qinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwemishini kungaphakathi kwezidingo ezidingekayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amashubhu amakwe ngegama lomkhiqizi noma uphawu, isiqondiso, kanye nenombolo yokushisa. Ukuthenga kumthengisi ogunyazwe yi-ISO njenge-Wuxi Hengzhihui kunikeza isiqiniseko esengeziwe ngezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi ezibhaliwe kanye nokulandeleka.

Amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 angenamthungo akhiwa ngokubhoboza nokudonsa ngokubanda insimbi eqinile, okuholela eshubhuni elingenamthungo wokushisela, elinikeza ubukhulu bodonga obufanayo futhi liqeda ubungozi bokwehluleka komthungo wokushisela. Amashubhu ashiselwe akhiwa ngomucu wensimbi bese eshiselwa ngokuqondile, okungaba okonga imali kodwa kungaba nobuthakathaka endaweni yokushisela. Ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile zokushintshanisa ukushisa nokucindezela okuphezulu, amashubhu angenamthungo ayikhetho elincanyelwayo.

Amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 angatholakala ngobude obungahleliwe obukodwa obuvamise ukusuka kumamitha angu-6 kuye kwangu-30 (amafidi angu-20 kuye kwangu-100), kuye ngekhono lomkhiqizi nobukhulu beshubhu. Amakhasimende angaphinda a-ode ubude obukhethekile obungaguquki ukuze kuhambisane nemiklamo ethile yokushintshana ukushisa, kusetshenziswa ukubekezelela okufanele. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ubude obudingekayo nokuthi ubude obungahleliwe bamukelekile yini uma ufaka i-oda.

Amashubhu e-ASME SA 179 kufanele agcinwe endlini noma endaweni evalekile eyomile, enomoya ohambayo kahle, ukuze kugwenywe ukunqwabelana komswakama nokugqwala kwangaphezulu. Amashubhu kufanele agcinwe phezulu phansi esebenzisa izigodo zokhuni noma amashalofu ensimbi, futhi izivalo zokuvikela noma ukugoqwa kwangaphezulu kufanele kuhlale kunjalo kuze kube yilapho kufakwa. Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) noma ukusebenzisa izimo zokugcina ezingenamswakama ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi yamashubhu.